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![Pigment analysis of Raphael's masterpiece[7][8] reveals the usual pigments of the renaissance period such as malachite mixed with orpiment in the green drapery on top of the painting, natural ultramarine mixed with lead white in the blue robe of Madonna and a mixture of lead-tin-yellow, vermilion and lead white in the yellow sleeve of St Barbara.](https://gemstonesinsider.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Raphael-Madonna_Sistine_sm-560x420.jpg)
